Birth of Islam During a time when the deluge of barbarism had overspread the west; when nations of Asia, Syria, and Eygpt sunk under weight of despotism; when the Roman empire had lost all its greatness, a new religion sprang up in the world affecting the political history of all nations. This religion was Islam, founded by Muhammad, an Arabian, who announced a divine revelation. He called the latent passions and talents of the Arabs into activity and animated them with a new spirit. By the force of his persuasive eloquence and extraordinary zeal and energy, this great Arabian reformer converted a race of wandering shepherds into the founders of mighty empires.

The Holy Crusades The early Muslims propagated varies territories by the sword. The belief was that he who perished in a holy war went straight to heaven. His follower's martial spirits were roused, and their sensual passions were inflamed. As early as 589 A.D. the Mahomedans penetrated into the extensive province of Khorasan, and thirteen years later conquered Kabul in the south of Persia.

Conquest of the Punjab In 711 A.D., Kasim, and Arab general, led an army to take over the Indus. Raja Dahu, the prince of the country, assembled a numerous force, but Kasim carried by storm a celebrated temple held in great sanctity by the Brahmins, where a large booty feel into the hands of the Mahomedan invaders. The Hindus were panic-stricken and fled, their prince having perished in the field of battle. Elated by triumph, the Arab general advanced to Brahminabad, which was gallantly defended by a Hindu queen. In an attack made by the Mahomedans, this lady, with her Rajput bodyguard, perished, and the whole country was at the mercy of the invaders. Kasim then marched to Multan, which was carried by assault, and a few more victories completed the conquest of Sindh. Kasim ruled for many years, but by the death of Kasim, the Mahomedian government sustained a blow which it was never in a position to retrieve. His successors ruled the country for about fourty years, but the Rajput tribes of Sumera, having expelled them, became masters of the land.